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Although the earth is a blue planet, most of the area is still sea water, which is not directly drinkable, so there is still a large number of stainless steel mechanical filters due to the lack of water. Fresh water resources are also scarce resources. In the promotion of water conservation, researchers in the electronic industry also use water equipment. In the continuous development of seawater, desalination of seawater into fresh water, this paper first describes the current five useful methods of seawater desalination.

What are the methods of desalination

Seawater desalination method 1: distillation method

Distillation is primarily used in large-scale desalination and heat-rich areas. Reverse osmosis membrane method is widely used because of its wide application and high desalination rate. Reverse osmosis membrane method is to extract seawater and start processing, reduce the turbidity of seawater desalination equipment, avoid the growth of bacteria, algae and other microorganisms, and then use special high-pressure pump to pressurize seawater into reverse osmosis membrane, because seawater contains high salinity, it is necessary for seawater reverse osmosis membrane to have high desalination rate. With the characteristics of corrosion resistance, high pressure resistance and pollution resistance, the salt content of seawater treated by reverse osmosis membrane decreased greatly, and the TDS content decreased from 36,000 mg/l to about 200 mg/l. The water quality after desalination is even better than that of tap water, which can be used by industry, commerce, residents, ships and ships.

Seawater desalination method 2: chemical regulation treatment

Adding H2SO4 to regulate the pH value of seawater to differentiate HCO-3 in seawater to avoid CaCO3 deposition is the most common and economical method in seawater desalination. Addition of (NaPO3) 6 (SHMP) is a useful method to avoid CaSO4 deposition, but phosphate, a byproduct of (NaPO3) 6 in scale inhibition, can grow microorganisms, bacteria and algae, and its application has certain limitations. The higher price of the special polymer scale inhibitor imported from western countries will directly affect the cost of desalination project. In this project, H2SO4 is chosen as scale inhibitor to control the pH value of feed water in reverse osmosis system between 6.8 and 7.0, and to control the water recovery rate of seawater desalination system together to avoid CaSO4 deposition and separation.

Seawater desalination method 3: security filtration

Safety filter uses 316L filter and 5m filter element to filter seawater before high-pressure pump. It can prevent impurities with diameter greater than 5m in seawater, ensure safe operation of high-pressure pump, energy recovery equipment and reverse osmosis membrane components for a long time.

High-pressure pump and energy recovery equipment are important equipment for energy conversion and energy saving in reverse osmosis desalination. According to the flow rate and pressure required for reverse osmosis desalination, we choose a single-stage centrifugal pump with 60 m3/h flow rate and 640 Psi lift. The energy recovery equipment is HTC-300 type, which has hydraulic turbine structure and can be used. The pressure of reverse osmosis discharging concentrated seawater increases the water pressure of reverse osmosis by 30% and reduces energy consumption effectively.

Seawater desalination method IV: coagulation filtration

Coagulation filtration aims at removing colloidal and suspended impurities in seawater and reducing turbidity. In reverse osmosis membrane separation engineering, pollution index (FI) is usually used to measure the FI value of feed water entering reverse osmosis equipment. Because the proportion of sea water is large, the pH value is high, and the seasonal change of water temperature is large, the system uses FeCl3 as coagulant, which has the advantages of not affected by temperature, large and robust alum, fast settling speed and so on.

Seawater desalination method 5: reverse osmosis seawater desalination

Seawater has high salinity, high hardness, high corrosiveness to equipment, and seasonal variation of water temperature makes reverse osmosis desalination system much more chaotic than conventional brackish water desalination system, and the project investment and energy consumption are much higher. Therefore, through careful process planning, reasonable equipment and equipment to reduce project investment and energy consumption, and then reduce the unit water cost, and ensure the stable operation of the system is particularly important.

Author: Hangzhou Water Shield Technology Co., Ltd.

Website: http://www.zjhzsd.com/

Key words: water equipment for electronic industry, desalination equipment, stainless steel mechanical filter